1950s mens summer suits (Gregory Peck)
In the 1950s, men’s fashion experienced a new paradigm shift. As always it was inspired by the youth, but even more so inspired by American casualness. Across the pond, all eyes were looking at American men for clothing designs that embraced the 4 C’s: color, comfort, correctness, and casualness. Color at first was conservative, echoing the insecure and untrustworthy nature of world politics. The Korean War and the McCarthy investigations made Americans shrink back from the dramatic late 1940s fashion into an understated natural look in the early 1950s. The “man in the grey flannel suit” emerged as both conservative and forward thinking.
At the office, his clothes were narrower, straighter, and less fussy. Grey was the only color necessary in his wardrobe, with subtle shades of brown or blue for those daring to stand out. However, he wasn’t always dressed dull. For sportswear, pastels were out and big bold colors, heavy textures, and large patterns were in. They called this “peacock” fashion, and by the mid ’50s (when political unease subsided), color, print, texture, and design splashed onto the scene, growing bolder by the year.
1951 men’s casual fashion dominated the fifties
The new silhouette was called the Mr. T look. Hat brims narrowed and the crowns shortened. Shoulder pads were removed in favor a natural shoulder shape. Pants lost their pleats and in many cases belt loops, too. The newest feature was fabrics with texture. Usually heavy textured fabrics like tweed were reserved for sportswear, but in the 1950s nearly all fabrics, business or sport, had a texture to them. Tweed, like weaves, corduroy, wool pile, blanket cloth, etc, was a part of all clothing styles.
Manufacturing methods and new synthetic fibers that were developed during WWII dramatically reduced the price of clothing and increased their durability. Men could buy more clothes for less money and afford to keep up with changing fashions. Improvements in public heating and cooling also changed the need for men to dress in extreme layers. Clothing could be lighter, while wash and wear was practical and better looking than previous decades. Housewives appreciated these new easy fabrics, and men appreciated the economical savings.
The blending of dress and casual became more and more blurred. Now men spent just as much time, if not more, in casual clothes after work and on the weekends than they did at the office. Labor workers changed into comfort clothes at the end of the work day, making work-wear disappear from public street view. Casual clothing in the 1950s meant a large patterned sport coat, as light weight as possible, paired with a bright colored shirt, and plain trousers or the new fad for knee length shorts in summer.
1951 Men’s Shirts and Ties
1950s men’s leather motorcycle jacket
Up to this point, this doesn’t sound like the iconic 1950s men’s fashion with the Hawaiian shirts and leather jackets worn by the greasers we have come to know well today. They certainly had their place, especially in the teen or youth “Rock n’ Roll” culture, but outside this sub demographic, men 20 years old and up lived in an entirely different fashion culture. The rest of this series on 1950s men’s fashion will focus on these men, the bulk of society, who lived middle class lives in the suburban sprawl or the big city life.
1950s Men’s Fashion Suits
1950s Men’s Suit
In the ‘50s, men were usually the sole breadwinners, and serious heads of the household. Business dress reflected this role. Suits were somber, conservative, and mature looking. Men heading off to office work looked totally anonymous, blending in with everyone else.
1955 Men’s Suits
The “man in the grey flannel suit” came directly from Ivy League college students (surprising? I thought so). On campus, students dressed down in dirty white nubuck shoes with thick red rubber soles, chino pants, and a button down shirt. When they graduated they attempted to dress more conservatively with a “plain gray flannel three piece, narrow shouldered sack suit, loose at the waist, with long jacket” (Fashion: Mirror of History). Teddy Boys in London copied the formal Edwardian look with striped pants, frock coats, rolled umbrellas, and neckties. American men thought that look was too formal and instead opted for the loose sack suit, which was also popular at the turn of the century among businessmen.
1957 Men’s Suits with Texture
Oscar’s Vintage 1950s Grey Striped Suit
A white shirt with button down collar narrowed to a straight point, a narrow tie (3.5 inches) of regimental stripe, and heavy Oxford shoes completed the look. For Ivy league kids (e.g. wealthy youth), the look was a tongue in cheek insult to traditional business clothes, but paid tribute to the middle classes who quickly adopted the new look, and it was a new freedom to dress more comfortably while maintaining a respectable social status.
Business suits were traditionally made from wool, but in the ‘50s they started to be mixed or made wholly, from synthetic materials like rayon (AKA Dacron), Orlon, and Arnel. This made them much lighter and easier to clean. Wool flannel was the most popular. Grey was the most worn color, but black, navy, and thin pinstripes were also included in the mix.
In the 1940s, the suit jacket had broad, padded shoulders, a nipped in waist, and wide lapels. The new look removed shoulder pads and dropped straight to the hip, hitting around mid-thigh. Lapels were soft, rolled and narrow. Most suits were single-breasted with long, wide lapels, and the suit fastened up the front with two or three buttons sitting low, exposing a long necktie and usually no waistcoat. Sometimes, there were two welt pockets. The breast pocket held a white handkerchief. Shop dress and sport shirts.
1950s Summer Suits
1950s Business Sport Coats
1955 Men’s Sportcoats in Colors Suitable for Business
1957 Check Sportcoat over Smooth Grey Pants
An alternative to the 2 piece matching business suit was a nice sport coat with complementary, but usually not matching, pants. This very casual style was not welcome at all businesses, but for many it was acceptable and even a preferred fashion. The sport coat allowed the wearer to dress for work or leisure without needing to change. Colors and patterns were big and bold for leisure wear, but were more conservative at the office. Grey, brown or dark blue tweed, plaid, or checks paired over smooth finished solid color pants in the same colorway. Brown with brown, grey with grey, etc.
A dress shirt, tie, dress shoes, and hat kept the look on the business side. As the decade progressed to the even more colorful late ’50s and ’60s, the acceptable colors and patterns for business expanded. We will look at sport coats in more detail in the next 1950s men’s fashion article. Shop 1950s style suits and sport coats.
Vintage 1950s Sportcoat for sale at Over Attired
1950s Men’s Dress Pants
1955 Mens Dress Pants
1955 Men’s Pants- a multitude of colors
Pants were still moderately wide-legged at the beginning of the ’50s, but they quickly narrowed to 17.5 inches wide at the hem. They were worn at the waist, higher up than men are used to now. Pleats were out of style. Flat fronts created a smoother, leaner look with a sharp crease down the center. Cuffs were no longer necessary, and many chose a plain hem instead. Since suspenders were on the decline in the ‘50s, suit pants became more fitted at the waist to stay up by themselves. Belts were possible, but it was becoming more common to have self belts or continuous waist bands. The look was copied from men’s western pants, some with belt backs for a better fit.
1955- Textured Fabrics for Men’s Pants
Later in the decade, suits became slightly slimmer in the jacket and pants, and lapels also became thinner. Colors expanded out of just grey and into shades of blues and browns. Texture also merged into suit fabrics with tweeds like grains, plaids, large checks and nubby wool blends. Linen (and sometimes seersucker) provided enough texture and used lighter materials for the hot summer months. The “palm beach look” for day or evening was either a solid navy or pure white jacket over white pants.
Shop 1950s classic men’s pants.
1950s Men’s Dress Shirts and Ties
1957 Men’s Dress shirt, straight spread collar with thin tie.
1951 Men’s Plaid Dress Shirts with Straight Collars
In the early years, men’s dress shirts were dull and plain, just like the grey flannel suits. White, blue, light pink, mustard yellow, light green, light grey colors in smooth finishes complemented the suits. They fit rather wide and baggy (no modern trim fits yet) with a single cuff. Cufflinks were optional, but generally too fussy for this simple look. Most men’s dress shirts had a single breast pocket.
The most popular shirt collars started out as straight pointed collars with or without buttons. As tie widths and knot shapes moved from narrow to wide to ultra skinny over the decade, so too did the collars. A straight spread collar accommodated most of the 1950s ties that had a wide tie knot. Narrow straight collars went with standard 3 inch or ultra skinny 2 inch ties.
There were also a few years when the round collar or “club” collar tie came back in fashion from the turn of the century. Collar pins also came back in style for more conservative dressers and added a nice upscale touch to point collars. Almost all collars shortened up during the decade. Most of today’s men’s shirts resemble those from the 1950s.
Early 1950s, Men’s Cutter Ties in Large Art Prints
1954 Narrow Ties with Subtle Geo Pattern
Neckties and bow ties both narrowed and lengthened in the 1950s from the extreme wide and short tie of the 1940s. Designers also dumped the hand-painted novelty designs in favor of traditional stripes and textured solids. It made sense, then, that silk and shantung were perfect fabrics for men of this era.
Some novelty themes did remain common – wine grapes, wine glasses, historical statues, graduated stripes, swirls, geometric art, modern art, and hobby motifs introduced some patterns to otherwise plain ties. Big patterns were part of the early ’50s and small hints of design made up the remainder of the 1950s.
The 2 inch skinny knit/crochet tie was worn across college campuses both in solids and wide stripes.
1950s Men’s Dress Shoes
1955 Men’s Business Shoes
Conservative dress for men meant a change for men’s shoes, albeit a small one. Chunky sole shoes popular with young men were too bulky for the new slim look. Dress shoes slimmed down both in sole thickness and in shape. Toes returned to an almond shape, decorations were minimal, and colors limited to mostly brown and some black. The two tone shoes of the 1930s and 1940s were still popular, but only for sportswear. Men’s business dress required simple low heeled Oxfords or slip in shoes.
Oxfords could have cap toes, moccasin vamps or plain tops. Slip in styles mimicked the more casual penny loafer with or without tassels.
1950s Men’s Shoes
With sport coats, men’s shoes had more freedom. More colors such as grey, dark brown and even blue suede appeared along with two tone shoes. Shoes had textures, too, just like coat fabrics. Embossed leather, weaves, rough suede, and detailed brogue were common. Read about and shop for 1950s men’s shoe styles.
Socks that remained hidden under suit pants were the one area that had some personality in business dress. Argyle socks were very popular. Geometric designs on the ankles were also common, as well as plain ribbed socks in colors that matched suits. Looking at men’s business sock choices today, we can see very little has changed since the 1950s.
1959 Men’s Socks
1950s Men’s Overcoats
1955 Men’s Overcoats
Thanks to improvements in heating and cooling in public spaces, homes, and cars as well as more and more men driving instead of walking to work, the need for heavy overcoats disappeared. Outerwear was now another fashion accessory — something with personality, style and design all on its own. They also became lighter with a thinner (or no) lining needed to stay warm for the short distances to and from the car.
For business attire, a knee length overcoat, topcoat, or rain coat provided all the protection a man needed. Following the major fashion trends of the 1950s, men’s overcoats were also textured or had big patterns. These bolder looking coats added the missing personality from the conservative grey flannel suit look. They had high military collars, straight hanging lines, slash pockets, and notched lapels. In the early years, the raglan sleeve coat helped emphasize the natural sloped shoulder and reduced bulk up top.
Other coat styles could be worn with suits as well. For men traveling by motorcycle or topless sports cars, a leather or suede bomber jacket was the best for wind protection. Teens were not the only ones to dress like greasers!
Shop 1950s style men’s coats and jackets.
1950s Men’s Hats
1955 Men’s Business and Sport Hats
1959 Mens Fedora Hats
Author Neil Steinberg of Hatless Jack argues in his fascinating book that John F. Kennedy’s refusal to wear hats led the revolution for men to go hatless. The truth is (and Neil points this out as well) that the hatless trend was already well establish by the 1950s. Only half of the men were still wearing hats on a daily basis. Most of the men who wore them were middle aged and older. They grew up wearing hats, and had no intention to stop. The younger generation saw no need for them. They spent a great amount of time and effort grooming their hair into a pompadour, so why ruin it with a hat?
For the hat wearing men of the 1950s, a fedora was still the preferred hat to wear with business suits. The 1950s version, also called a Tremont, had a slightly shorter crown and narrower brim than the wide 1940s style. They almost all came with a flat grosgrain bow (usually black, but they could also be matching) and about half had a small feather peeking out from the behind the bow. Crowns had a pinch front and a tapered angle to the back. Brims were mostly flat with a slight turn up at the back.
Other common hat styles were the center dent fedora, western or cowboy hat, homburg, and pork pie. In summer, these same models came in a fine woven straw plus a few other shapes that we will get into next time. Read more about and shop 1950s men’s hat styles here.
1950s Men’s Casual Fashion
Ready for work in the business world, a well dressed man was tall, thin, understated and yet had a respectable authority. His business fashion contrasted heavily with his leisure wear. Both styles played a significant role in men’s 1950s fashion history.
Read Part 2: Casual Men’s 1950s Fashions and see the other side of the fashion story
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